Last Pirate: How to Find and Rescue Your Crew Members

Who Was the Last Pirate? A Brief History of Piracy

Piracy is one of the oldest and most fascinating forms of crime in human history. Pirates are often portrayed as adventurous, rebellious, and charismatic outlaws who defy authority and seek fortune and glory on the high seas. But who was the last pirate and when did he die? In this article, we will explore the history of piracy, from its origins to its decline, and learn about some of the most famous pirates and their deeds. We will also answer the question of who was the last pirate and how he met his end.

What is Piracy and How Did It Start?

Piracy is the act of attacking and robbing ships at sea or on the coast, usually for personal gain or political motives. Piracy has been practiced since ancient times, by various peoples and cultures, such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Vikings, Arabs, Mongols, Chinese, Japanese, and others. Piracy was often motivated by economic reasons, such as trade disputes, taxation, or smuggling, or by political reasons, such as rebellion, war, or nationalism.

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The Golden Age of Piracy: 1650-1730

The most famous and prolific period of piracy was the Golden Age of Piracy, which spanned from the mid-17th century to the early 18th century. This was a time when European colonial expansion, maritime trade, and naval warfare created favorable conditions for piracy to flourish. Pirates operated in various regions of the world, such as the Caribbean, the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, and the South China Sea. They preyed on merchant ships, slave ships, treasure fleets, and naval vessels, using fast and maneuverable ships, such as sloops and brigantines. They also established bases and colonies on islands and coasts, such as Tortuga, Port Royal, Nassau, Madagascar, and New Providence. Some pirates even formed alliances and confederations, such as the Flying Gang, the Brethren of the Coast, and the Republic of Pirates.

The Decline of Piracy: 1730-1830

The Golden Age of Piracy came to an end in the early 18th century, due to various factors that reduced the opportunities and incentives for piracy. These factors included:

• The increase of naval patrols and anti-piracy laws by European powers, such as Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, and Holland.

• The decline of colonial wars and conflicts that provided cover and support for piracy.

• The rise of legitimate trade and commerce that offered alternative sources of income and employment for sailors.

• The decrease of pirate morale and cohesion due to internal divisions, betrayals, defections, and executions.

• The change of public opinion and perception that viewed pirates as criminals rather than heroes or rebels.

By the late 18th century, piracy was largely suppressed in most parts of the world. However, some pockets of piracy persisted in some regions until the early 19th century. These regions included:

• The Mediterranean Sea, where Barbary pirates from North Africa continued to raid European ships until they were defeated by US and European forces in the Barbary Wars (1801-1815).

• The Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies, where pirates from various backgrounds continued to operate until they were hunted down by US naval forces in the West Indies Anti-Piracy Operations (1817-1825).

• The Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, where pirates from India, China, and Southeast Asia continued to raid ships until they were subdued by British and Dutch forces in the Anglo-Chinese Piracy Wars (1810-1849).

The Modern Era of Piracy: 1830-Present

After the 19th century, piracy became a rare and isolated phenomenon in most parts of the world. However, some cases of piracy still occurred in some regions, especially in times of political instability, economic hardship, or social unrest. Some examples of modern piracy include:

• The Cilician pirates from Turkey, who raided ships in the Mediterranean Sea until they were crushed by the Ottoman Empire in the 1860s.

• The Rum Runners from the US and Canada, who smuggled alcohol during the Prohibition era (1920-1933).

• The Sea Peoples from Somalia, who attacked ships in the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean since the 1990s.

• The Niger Delta pirates from Nigeria, who targeted oil tankers and vessels in the Gulf of Guinea since the 2000s.

• The Strait of Malacca pirates from Indonesia and Malaysia, who ambushed ships in the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea since the 2000s.

According to the International Maritime Bureau (IMB), there were 195 incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships worldwide in 2020, a 20% increase from 2019. The most affected regions were the Gulf of Guinea, the Gulf of Aden, and the South China Sea.

Who Were the Most Famous Pirates and What Did They Do?

Throughout history, there have been many pirates who have left their mark on history with their deeds, exploits, and legends. Some of them are remembered as villains, some as heroes, and some as both. Here are some of the most famous pirates and what they did:

Blackbeard: The Terror of the Caribbean

Blackbeard, whose real name was Edward Teach or Thatch, was an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coast of North America from 1716 to 1718. He was known for his fearsome appearance, as he wore a long black beard that he braided with ribbons and lit with fuses. He also carried a large number of weapons, such as pistols, swords, daggers, and axes. He commanded a fleet of four ships and about 300 men, and his flagship was the Queen Anne's Revenge, a former French slave ship that he captured and modified. He terrorized merchant ships and coastal towns, demanding tribute or ransom for his captives. He also fought against British naval forces, such as Lieutenant Robert Maynard, who eventually killed him in a fierce battle near Ocracoke Island in North Carolina in 1718. His severed head was hung from Maynard's ship as a trophy.

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Anne Bonny and Mary Read: The Female Pirates

Anne Bonny and Mary Read were two female pirates who operated in the Caribbean in the early 18th century. They were both born in England, but had different backgrounds and life stories. Anne Bonny was the illegitimate daughter of a lawyer and his maid, who ran away with her lover James Bonny to Nassau in the Bahamas. There she met and married John "Calico Jack" Rackham, a notorious pirate captain. She joined his crew and became his partner in crime. Mary Read was disguised as a boy by her mother since childhood, to inherit her deceased brother's property. She served as a soldier and a sailor in various wars and voyages, until she was captured by Rackham's crew and revealed her true identity. She befriended Anne Bonny and became her ally. Both women were skilled fighters and sailors, who participated in many raids and battles alongside Rackham's crew. They were captured by British authorities in 1720, after a naval attack near Jamaica. They claimed to be pregnant to avoid execution, but only Mary Read died in prison due to fever. Anne Bonny's fate is unknown.

Bartholomew Roberts: The Most Successful Pirate

Bartholomew Roberts, also known as Black Bart or Barty Roberts, was a Welsh pirate who operated in the Atlantic Ocean from 1719 to 1722. He was considered to be the most successful pirate of all time, as he captured over 400 ships and amassed a fortune of over 50 million (equivalent to over $7 billion today). He was also known for his strict code of conduct and his elegant attire, as he wore a crimson coat, a gold chain, and a feathered hat. He started his pirate career as a third mate on a slave ship, but was captured by pirate captain Howell Davis in 1719. He joined h